The Concept Of Separate Spheres Essay - 1408 Words

The concept of ‘Separate Spheres’ is a framework used by historians to describe the way in which men were associated with the public sphere, belonging outside of the home in areas such as business and politics, whereas women belonged in the private sphere, doing domestic duties within the home. The ‘Separate Spheres’ framework has become one of the most important ways of categorising gender history in the period from 1685 to 1870, although it is not without difficulties. Despite these difficulties, the concept of ‘Separate Spheres’ is a useful framework to understand the lives of men and women in the period from 1685 to 1870, as long as it is not limited to one section of society, it is used loosely to describe gender ideals as well as the lives of individual men and women, and public and private are defined clearly. To understand how using the concept of ‘Separate Spheres’ is useful, it is important to understand what it refers to. The concept of ‘Separate Spheres’ can be seen clearly in artistic representations of women and men from the period, for example in George Elgar Hick’s collection of three paintings called ‘The Woman’s Mission’. In the first instalment, ‘Guide of Childhood’ a women is displayed as a mother, leading her child through a garden, steering them away from danger. The second, ‘Companion of Manhood’ shows the same woman, comforting her grieving husband. The third and final piece ‘Comfort of Old Age’ shows the woman caring for her elderly father. TheseShow MoreRelatedThe Public And Private Sphere1387 Words   |  6 PagesThe understanding of the public and private spheres has been part of a number of debates in different areas of academia, particularly in political theory and internatio nal relations. The concept of civil society emerges from this debate in an attempt to understand the formations of people outside of the private sphere. In this sense, I want to explore the development and expansion of this concept. In order to do that, I will explore the contributions of Jà ¼rgen Habermas and Nancy Fraser to the conceptualizationRead MoreEssay on Secularization588 Words   |  3 PagesSecularization as a concept refers to the actual historical process whereby this dualist system #8220; this world; and the sacramental structures of mediation between this world and the other world progressively breakdown until the entire medieval systems of classification disappear, to be replaced by new systems of spatial structuration of the spheres. The structured division of this world; into two separate spheres, the religious; and the secular; has to be distinguished and kept separate. From nowRead MoreHow far do the sources agree that the philosophy of separate spheres impli ed that women were inferior to men?1041 Words   |  5 Pagesthem in separate spheres. What makes the difference bigger and more significant was that women werent educated unlike males and their manners were vastly different. From the source it says, They are designed to move in separate spheres but occasionally to unite together, in order to soften each other. This is suggesting that God wanted men and women to be different and have almost no interaction when at work and just away in general from the house. Theyre placed in two separate spheres and areRead MoreGender Differences throughout History Essay examples856 Words   |  4 Pagesone is an ontologist, exploring the metaphysical nature of gender differences (that may or may not lead down the road of essentialism) or a phenomenologist exploring how exactly it is that one â€Å"does† gender—to the extent that there even exists a concept called gender—one must employ a varied and multipartite approach. Writ ers such as Federici, Mies, and Davis sketched out a framework of the history of gender roles for us. From what Federici calls a time of primitive consumption through feudalismRead MoreSusan T. Foh s The Christian Faith865 Words   |  4 Pagesvaluable dissimilarities of men and women. Susan T. Foh, a Christian author, has redefined the concept of complementarity in her own terms, coining the phrase ontologically equal, but functionally subordinate (Foh, 391). Her interpretation also comes directly from Biblical sources, but the meaning behind her careful phrasing does present some disparities between the two concepts. As stated above, both concepts are drawn from Biblical sources, utilizing both the Old and New Testaments in order to provideRead More Jane Addams and the Progressive Movement Essay1388 Words   |  6 Pagessettlement house, Addams redefined the idea of ?separate spheres,? and with relentless determination, she separated herself from the domestic chores that woman were confined to during the later half of the nineteenth century which led to the twentieth one. During the late nineteenth century, the notion of ?separate spheres? dictated that the women?s world was limited to the home, taking care of domestic concerns. Women were considered to be in the private sphere of society. Men on the other hand wereRead MoreEssay On Fast Ignition1202 Words   |  5 Pagesremoved HTML --) In this approach, the ignition is triggered by heating the compressed fuel with a â€Å"fast† (∠¼MeV) electron beam, which is generated by a separate ultra-intense laser (UIL) either in a cone-in-shell concept (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) 3,4 (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) or in a super-penetration concept. (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) 5,6 (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) A high-density fuel core plays a key role in this approach, becauseRead More Thomas Jefferson Essay1340 Words   |  6 PagesThe ideology of separate spheres dominated thoughts about â€Å"proper† gender roles from the late 18th century through the 19th century in America. Ideology of separate spheres is a concept impact on gender equation by the segregation of the two spheres of life: the private and the public. In the conception of the division of gender roles into separate spheres, women’s place was in the private sphere, such as family life and the home (Hollitz, 238). Men’s place was in the public sphere, such as in politicsRead MoreGender, Class And Urban Space : Public And Private Space1586 Words   |  7 Pagesperspectives about the possible interconnections between gender dichotomy ,urban public /private space or city/suburb dichotomies and how separable or intertwined they are with each other. She attempts to further provide evidence that ‘the ideal of separate spheres’ (Bondi, Pg.162.) continues to affect our lives .She states that gentrification and class is intertwined in this dynamic interaction between gender and space. Bondi identifies these ‘dichotomies ’ as duos, be it city/suburb, public /private orRead MoreA Review of Nancy Fasers Rethinking the Public Sphere1007 Words   |  5 PagesPriyanca Vaishnav, Satish Poduval, Media and the Public Domain 13th February 2007 Report: Rethinking The Public Sphere by Nancy Fraser Rethinking The Public Sphere is a response to Habermas 1973 essay, later published in English as The Public Sphere in 1989. Habermas states his concept of the public sphere as both historical, and normative. It is historical both in the sense of era and region- 20th century Western Europe. He dismantles the distinctions between the public and private

The Effect Of Love Gone Sour On A Child s Development

â€Å"What’s love got to do with it?† When it comes to matters of relationships, our primary relationships in early childhood, such as maternal love, impacts how all other relationships in our life progress and function. Formulated by psychoanalysts John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth (McLeod, 2009), Attachment theory asserts that our early emotional bonds shape and influence the dynamics of all our interpersonal relationships. As a result, love and attachment play an important role in our lives. Beyond infancy, childhood development and experiences guide our behaviors, especially in matters of the heart. Love is a tricky science even in the best of circumstances; yet, for children of divorce, the impact of love gone sour has long lasting effects. Healthy, loving, stable marriages are good for the couples in them; for the children of those relationships, their emotional, physical, educational and social wellbeing depends on a harmonious union between their parents. The ef fects of parental discord and divorce on a child’s development are far reaching. In fact, studies show that the divorce greatly impacts the intergenerational transmission of attachment styles. The grim reality is that fifty percent of all marriages in the United States end in divorce. On any given day an average 6,646 marriages end (Ruane, 2013), leaving the children of those relationships at risk for academic, behavioral and psychological problems. Further, research indicates that children of divorce experienceShow MoreRelatedEriksons Psychosocial Development Theory10839 Words   |  44 Pageserik eriksons psychosocial crisis life cycle model - the eight stages of human development Eriksons model of psychosocial development is a very significant, highly regarded and meaningful concept. Life is a serious of lessons and challenges which help us to grow. Eriksons wonderful theory helps to tell us why. The theory is helpful for child development, and adults too. For the lite version, heres a quick diagram and summary. Extra details follow the initial overview. For more informationRead MoreResilience and Spirituality Essays4481 Words   |  18 PagesResilience is something we are born with and also something we can strengthen and grow as we get older. Many studies have shown the resilience of children to recover from serious traumatic events. However that resiliency is fostered through a positive development (Quisenberry Foltz, 2013). What this means is that in order to overcome trauma, it helps to have a good base. For most people that base is faith. It could be faith in family, friends, themselves, or a higher power. In order to know trueRead MoreDuty of Care Assignment Level 3 Cache Diploma7178 Words   |  29 Pagesenable them to look after their children to the best of their ability. Alongside this, we need to ensure that the children are in a safe and secure environment, that the setting offers safe toys and activities for the children. 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What is your favouriteRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Theory Essay3878 Words   |  16 Pages– Chapter 5 Name_____________________________________________ Banner# ____________________________ Date: ______________   Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ Directions: Circle the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1.  _____ represent(s) complex, patterned, organismic reactions to how we think we are doing in our lifelong efforts to survive and flourish and to achieve what we wish for ourselves.   A.  Self-efficacy B.  Skills C.  Intelligence D.  Emotions E.  Abilities    2.  Which ofRead MoreConsumer Preference And Perception Of Cadbury Chocolate9618 Words   |  39 Pagescompetition among the different chocolate brands, especially among Cadbury and nestle. The scope of the project was to collect data from the selected market locations of south Delhi, analyse the significance of the data and the conclusion. I had gone to different market locations of south Delhi and Interviewed different consumers about their preference and buying behaviour of selecting a particular brand of chocolate. I had also given Questionnaire to them in this regard and took their feedbackRead MoreEast African Culture Reflects on Their Drama Using Aminata, Echoes of Silence and I Will Marry When I Want as Case Study12168 Words   |  49 PagesAND LITERARY STUDIES AN ASSIGNMENT ON: ELS 226 (MODERN AFRICAN DRAMA) SUBMITTED BY : GROUP 4 QUESTION: THE CULTURE OF THE PEOPLE DETERMINES ITS DRAMA. DISCUSS THE EAST AFRICAN EXPERIENCE AS EXEMPLIFY IN FRANCES LIMBULGA’S AMMATA, NGUGI WA THIONGO’ S I WILL MARRY WHEN I WANT AND JOHN RUGANDA’S ECHOES OF SILENCE. LECTURER-IN-CHARGE: DR OLANIYAN MRS LIST OF GROUP MEMBERS. OGUNFEIBO AYOKUNLE O 1002630 IBITOYE EBUNOLUWA ABIGAEL 1000154 ADEBIYI ADEBIMPE MOYOYINOLUWA 1000074 ADEOYERead MoreMario and the Magician18314 Words   |  74 Pages this same border of pine grove and near, presiding mountains, continues all the way along the coast. No wonder then that some competition of a quiet kind should have sprung up further on. Torre di Venerethe tower that gave the town its name is gone long since, one looks for it in vain-is an offshoot of the larger resort, and for some years remained an idyll for the few, a refuge for more unworldly spirits. But the usual history of such places repeated itself: peace has had to retire furtherRead MoreFor Against by L.G. 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In the Skin of a Lion Anaylsis Essay - 1308 Words

Discuss the ways in which textual forms and features shape your understanding of In the Skin of a Lion. Michael Ondaatje’s postmodern exploration of the early, developmental years of Canada, In the Skin of a Lion, is expressed through multiple perspectives, with no dominant perspective or omniscient narrator. The narrative is presented as fragmented and contains interruptions from intersecting perspectives. The presence of class conflict forces the characters to experience extreme adversity, with their contributions to building the society going unnoticed until Ondaatje has addressed their social exclusion. Through reinterpretations of motifs and symbols, Ondaatje adds new dimensions to events in history and characterizations, whilst the†¦show more content†¦Whilst Harris perceives it as symbol of life and creation, water ironically takes the lives of the workers in the Waterworks with the water â€Å"heaving in, shouldering them aside in a fast death† if they dig â€Å"just one degree up.† The harsh and tedious conditions of the work, â€Å"pissing where they work, eating where someone else left there shit†, dehumanizes the workers, insulting their inherent dignity and contrasting the imagery of opulent structure they are building. Harris notes the â€Å"Egyptian feel† of the palace, equating his works to that of the pyramids which coincidentally draws a link to the cruel treatment of the workers and how bodies have similarly been entombed in the structure during construction. Ondaatje, however, recognizes their contribution in revealing glimpses of certain characters; the voiceless and marginalized become recognizable as the novel progresses Ondaatje presents Patrick Lewis as character amongst the lower class to demonstrate the fluidity of identity, through the journey he undertakes, which allows him to emerge from passivity. Patrick’s quest to gain enlightenment is reflected in the prologue, as he drives through the â€Å"unbetrayed† countryside, introducing implications of hope and maturation whilst isolation and alienation is indicated through the prevailing image of darkness. This sense of isolation is further expressed through Patrick’s childhood. Ondaatje addressed the roots of his â€Å"abashed†

Business Strategy Organisational Behaviour and Management

Question: Discuss about the Business Strategy for Organisational Behaviour and Management. Answer: Introduction This essay focuses on two case study regarding organisational behaviour and management. The first case study discusses about any personal attachment of a management head with any other important personnel of the organisation. This king of attachment may negatively influence the decision making of the management head (Leiter et al. 2015). This kind of attachment may be resulted in the conflict with other stakeholders. Conflicts with stakeholders may be detrimental to the organisation growth process. Attachment can have not only with a person but also with any material or things. Attachment may be positive or negative. The second case study is about the role of a knowledge worker. Efficiency of the workers depends on the education, available information and skill of the worker (Jelley et al. 2015). This case study has mentioned three ways of knowledge gathering such as knowing why, knowing how and knowing whom. The essay tries to find out relationship between two case studies. The originality of these two case studies can be explained by using numerous examples. The first case study deals with any personal attachment of office personnel with another person of same organisation or any other organisation. The person may have attachment with some other things that can hamper the work process. Personal attachment may restrict proper decision-making using the persons own emotional intelligence (Xerri et al. 2014). The first example to explain the concept has been taken from scenario of World Bank management. During 2005, Paul Wolfowitz was appointed as the President of World Bank. He had a relationship with the senior communication officer of World Bank, Shaha Ali Riza. Due to having an emotional attachment with that officer, Wolfowitz took several conflicting decision, which was against organisations interest. After disclose of the relationship the position of Shaha Ali Riza had changed and thus she claimed promotion and compensation in the form of $60000 and future increase. However, this decision was under controversy as this claim was more than the mentioned amount under employee guideline. These incidences negatively affected the decision process and had impact on leadership attribute. The second case study is about the role of knowledge worker. Here, this concept has been applied on a renowned movie, Lord of the Rings. This film has been made using collaboration with experienced members and innovations in the project. This is a real life example. Acquisition of knowledge involves purpose of specific knowledge acquisition, the process of work and application of knowledge in the work process and the third is relationship building and collaboration with the right person to perform the task efficiently. Relationship to literature Both the case study has relationship with each other. The case study of emotional attachment highlights different views of emotional attachment. According to renowned economist and sociologist Adam Smith, although self-interest is the fundamental driver of economy, there are some social bonds among different economic agents. Without cooperation, no one can succeed. In every society, people have different tasks and different specialisation. It is not possible for a single person to learn and do everything. Therefore, survival of a system always depends on survival of other (Kovjanic et al. 2012). For example, agriculture is the base of every economy. Agriculture, industry and service sector all are interrelated. A country cannot prosper with only single occupation. Therefore, emotional attachment takes birth from this social or personal attachment. Sometimes, this attachment works as a positive force (Lehmann, Ada and Marie-Christine Arnhold 2013). On the other, attachment with collea gues or any other person can influence decision-making process. The case of World Bank President is the example of personal attachment. Now, being an institutional head he could exercise his power in decision-making process even if it was wrong. Every wrong decision of the president has negative impact on his leadership, which hampers organisational development process. If the employees are de motivated by the activity of leader, it affects organisational culture and its progress. Any personal relation like this may be detrimental in the path of organisation success (Ibrahim et al. 2015). Hence, it can be said that social relation is beneficial such as relationship with customers. Customer loyalty facilitates the growth of the organisation. The second case study focuses on collaboration and teamwork for the success of a project. Gathering knowledge and knowledge sharing increases effectiveness of the team work. In this case, emotional attachment of the team member with the leader helps to build a cohesive team (Puni et al. 2016). Methodology The case study has been conducted on secondary research. The authors have researched on the decision making process of a leader using 83 case studies. Different aspects of decision-making process such as cognitive psychology, management have been examined in this article. The example of World Bank president has been studied from the report of Ad Hoc Group of World Bank. However, the example mentioned about Venture of Samsung with automobile was based on a primary survey conducted by the authors. They interviewed the mid-level managers of the company in order to find out the type of collaboration of emotional attachment. Different examples have provided the researchers about different positive and negative attachment. The research has found how emotion affects the leadership quality in the context of organisational development. The focus was on the situation of different decision makers and the affected person from his decision-making. The second case study is based on application of knowledge and innovation in the organisation. The authors of the article researched on several literatures. This research is a secondary research. This study is inductive study as the researchers have development new idea of knowledge worker based on the previous literature. From previous study, ideas of three ways of knowing, complexity theory, and ideas of social capital have been gathered. Idea of innovation in organisational development has been studied. Relating all those ideas with other, the researchers developed the idea of knowledge economy. Different examples have helped to find out relations among the variables. Both the studies are qualitative study based on positivism philosophy. Results The result of the first case study tells that emotional attachment is the main cause of wrong decision. Some example shows positive effect of attachment and some example shows negative attachment. Sometimes attachment of business organisation with the stakeholders and other organisation is for profit motive (Granzon, Bo and Ingela Josefson 2012). A person may have attachment with companys logo or quality of the product. Any personal attachment with an office colleague sometime restrains the decision maker to take strict decision against the colleague, which underestimates the effect of decision-making (Khknen 2016). The second case study has found the facts about knowledge economy. The concept of knowledge diamond has been developed. This case study also tells about personal bonding with the co-workers in order to form a knowledge economy. Open innovation facilitates the knowledge sharing and makes a bridge among the local and distant co-workers. The example of the Lord of the Rings has shown the effect of knowledge diffusion among the participants. Positive attachment helps in the effective collaboration among the co-workers and team members with their leaders (Cross 2015). Implication of the work Both the case study has significance in the context of work place. Relation in workplace has impact on workers performance. Interdependence among the co-workers improves their performance by sharing knowledge and ideas. This kind of attachment improves the skill of an employee even if the employee is low skilled. In the achievement of organisation goal, emotional attachment with the workplace and colleague has positive impact (Ford 2014). On the other hand, negative attachment can increase employee turnover. Any personal attachment of an organisational leader with any particular employee can have negative impact on the organisation. The leader may overlook any unlawful activity and this may hamper the organisational development process. In the view of Chen, Adela and Elena Karahanna (2014), the workers, who have higher quality relationship with their superiors, are more likely to have more access of information, which is helpful in performance improvement. This implication is support ed by Leader-membership theory in an organisation. Any romantic relationship between co-workers can lead to polarisation of the performance in the workplace, which may have negative impact on the other members (Harris et al. 2015). Collaboration with different organisation, stakeholders has positive impact on the organisation. Moreover, idea of knowledge worker is important in this context. These concepts enrich self decision-making process of the individual. Conclusion The essay highlights the aspects of emotional attachment of the organisational leader with the stakeholders of an organisation. Two theories have explained in these case studies. Attachment theory is the basic concept. The short form of attachment theory has been applied in the second case study, which is about knowledge economy. Positive attachment among the co-workers can form a self-sufficient knowledge economy, which sustains for a longer time. Investment in knowledge increases skill of the employees, which develops emotional intelligence. The employees and leader can choose which type of knowledge is to gather to achieve organisational goal, when the knowledge is application and in which place. If the employees have proper information about their objectives, they can succeed to achieve their goal. Effective knowledge sharing between the superior and the subordinate can be possible by proper communication (Andre Cavalcante and Sergio 2013). Flow of information among different tie rs of the organisation increases effectiveness of the organisation functioning. Furthermore, effective communication is possible through some extent of emotional attachment. Reflective analysis Overall learning from the study is success of organisation depends on the collaboration among the different team member of the organisation. The leader has important role in decision-making process of the organisation. The leader is a person, who organises projects to achieve the specific goal. The success of the organisation depends on the type of attachment between the leader and the employees, employees with the organisation and among the co-workers. The leader needs to have a strong character to coordinate the functioning of the team member. According to the leader-membership theory, relationship between the tem member and the leader improves the flow of knowledge and required information from top to bottom line of the organisation. It can be evaluated from the case study that, attachment with the internal and external stakeholders to achieve a common goal is beneficial for the organisation. However, any personal attachment may hamper to achieve organisational goal as it has negative impact on other employees. Attachment with family and friend helps to improve family business. Maintaining social relationship with external stakeholders such as customers, suppliers facilitates the business process. In the light of second case study, it can be said that, the role of knowledge worker is important for a large as well as small organisation. Emotional attachment among the team member smooths the process of knowledge sharing. It further gives birth of innovation. Innovation is the result of investment in knowledge formation, which further improves the skill of the workers. High skill workers are more productive compared to a low skilled worker. References Andre Cavalcante, Sergio. "Understanding the impact of technology on firms' business models."European Journal of Innovation Management16, no. 3 (2013): 285-300. Chen, Adela, and Elena Karahanna. "Boundaryless technology: understanding the effects of technology-mediated interruptions across the boundaries between work and personal life."AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction6, no. 2 (2014): 16-36. Cross, Robert L. "Leveraging intellect in a small business: Designing an infrastructure to support today's knowledge worker."Journal of Small Business Strategy8, no. 1 (2015): 15-34. Ford, Richard. "Brains versus beauty in the knowledge economy: the relative predictive powers of qualification and physical attractiveness in the decision to employ a knowledge worker." (2014). Granzon, Bo, and Ingela Josefson, eds.Knowledge, skill and artificial intelligence. Springer Science Business Media, 2012. Harris, Kenneth J., Ranida B. Harris, John R. Carlson, and Dawn S. Carlson. "Resource loss from technology overload and its impact on work-family conflict: Can leaders help?."Computers in Human Behavior50 (2015): 411-417. Ibrahim, N., A. Ismail, N. K. Mohamed, S. S. Salim, and M. H. Yusuf. "Effect of psychological empowerment and transformational leadership on organizational commitment."Makara Hubs-Asia19, no. 2 (2015): 75-86. Jelley, R. Blake, and Stacey L. MacKinnon. "Leaderships effects on employee well-being: synthesizing the qualitative evidence." In45th Annual Atlantic Schools of Business Conference, p. 206. 2015. Khknen, Sonja. "Exploring knowledge worker motivation in autonomous and interdependent problem solving tasks on virtual platforms." (2016). Kovjanic, Snjezana, Sebastian C. Schuh, Klaus Jonas, Niels Van Quaquebeke, and Rolf Dick. "How do transformational leaders foster positive employee outcomes? A self determination based analysis of employees' needs as mediating links."Journal of Organizational Behavior33, no. 8 (2012): 1031-1052. Lehmann, Ada, and Marie-Christine Arnhold. "Leader-member exchange and affective supervisor commitment: how does supervisor's organizational embodiment influence the relationship?." (2013). Leiter, Michael P, Arla Day, and Lisa Price. 2015. "Attachment Styles At Work: Measurement, Collegial Relationships, And Burnout". Sciencedirect.Com. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213058614200052. Puni, Albert, Collins B. Agyemang, and Emmanuel Selase Asamoah. "Leadership Styles, Employee Turnover Intentions and Counterproductive Work Behaviours."International Journal of Innovative Research and Development|| ISSN 227802115, no. 1 (2016). Xerri, Matthew J., Silvia Nelson, and Yvonne Brunetto. "Importance of workplace relationships and attitudes toward organizational change in engineering asset-management organizations."Journal of Management in Engineering31, no. 5 (2014): 04014074.